The article, beginning with the Arusha Manifesto, details how conservation of African wildlife is a matter of grave importance in Tanzania . However, there exists a tension between conservation programs and indigenous cultures and how the historic and current legal framework works to relieve these tensions. The current conservation programs are remnants of British colonialism and need revision. Tanzanian government has started to change its policies by revising Tanzania ’s Wildlife Policy, the Land Policy, the Tourism Policy, and the Environmental Policy. Tanzania must pursue conservation methods that promote cooperation with local communities, and must improve the economic conditions of its rural indigenous populations. To achieve these goals, Tanzania should continue to reform its legal and administrative systems, provide private opportunities for local people to partner with tour operators and help villages secure land title. The article provides a good framework to show where the problems of protecting the African environment and how to begin the process to solve them.