The Interrelationship of the ICCPR and the ICESCR; and The Human Rights Committee’s
Evolving Equal Protection Doctrine
Chapter 3 introduces the two covenants that make up the UN Bill of Rights- the ICCPR
and the ICESCR. The case law that interprets them shows how the two covenants are
interrelated, and then the chapter also introduces the views of the HRC on equal protection
in several situations where statutes explicitly treat men and women differently.
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Broeks v. The NetherlandsPonsamy Poongavanam v. Mauritius
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 52, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171, entered into force Mar. 23, 1976. |
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| Original | External Link | |
| UN High Comm'r for Human Rights | External Link | |
ICCPR (Optional Protocol), G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N.GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 49, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 993 U.N.T.S. 3, entered into force Mar. 23, 1976. |
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| UN High Comm'r for Human Rights | External Link | |
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N.GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 49, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 993 U.N.T.S. 3, entered into force Jan. 3, 1976. |
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| Original | External Link | |
| UN High Comm'r for Human Rights | External Link | |
| G.A. res. 63/117 (2008). | ||
| UN High Comm'r for Human Rights | External Link | |
*This optional protocol opens for accession and ratification on September 24th, 2009.
It will enter into force once ten states have ratified it.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), G.A. res. 34/180, 34 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 46) at 193, U.N. Doc. A/34/46, entered into force Sept. 3, 1981. |
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| Original | External Link | |
| UN High Comm'r for Human Rights | External Link | |
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Communication No. 172/1984, UN Doc. Supp. No. 40 (A/42/40) at 139 (1987). |
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| Original | External Link* | |
| UN High Comm'r for Human Rights | HTML | External Link |
*Search for Symbol: A/42/40, Truncation: None. Go to page 139 (PDF page 145) of PDF file.
The Netherlands is located in Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and
Germany.
Moroccans, Antilleans, Surinamese, and Indonesians) (1999 est.)
other 2.5%, none 41% (2002)
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Communication No. 218/1986, UN Doc. Supp. No. 40 (A/44/40) at 232 (1989). |
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| Original | External Link* | |
| UN High Comm'r for Human Rights | HTML | External Link |
*Search for Symbol: A/44/40, Truncation: None. Go to page 232 (PDF page 237) of PDF file.
Ponsamy Poongavanam v. Mauritius, Communication No. 567/1993, UN Doc. CCPR/C/51/D/567/1993 (1993). |
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| UN High Comm'r for Human Rights | HTML | External Link |
Mauritius is an island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar. It was once the only home of
the now extinct dodo bird.
Mauritius is only 2040 km2 (788 mi2).
other 2.5%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.4% (2000 census)
Would you want these guys judging your case?
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Communication No. 501/1992, UN Doc. CCPR/C/48/D/501/1992 (1993). |
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| UN High Comm'r for Human Rights | HTML | External Link |
| U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights | External Link |
| University of Minnesota Human Rights Library | External Link |
| Bayefsky.com | External Link |
| U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights* | External Link |
| Bayefsky.com | External Link |
*Select the session and follow the links to the states reports. .
| U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights* | External Link |
| University of Minnesota Human Rights Library | External Link |
| Bayefsky.com | External Link |
*Select the session and follow the links to the states reports.
| U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights | External Link |
| Bayefsky.com | External Link |
| U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights | External Link |
| U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights | External Link |
| U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights* | External Link |
| Bayefsky.com | External Link |
*Select the session and follow the links to the states reports.
| U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights* | External Link |
| Bayefsky.com | External Link |
*Select the session and follow the links to the states reports.
The Philippines is an archipelago in Southeastern Asia between the Philippine Sea and the
South China Sea, east of Vietnam.
Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census)
Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census)