{"id":709,"date":"2020-11-11T16:17:05","date_gmt":"2020-11-11T21:17:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/?page_id=709"},"modified":"2025-05-12T11:11:11","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T15:11:11","slug":"turkey-as-a-wto-litigant-a-case-of-waived-leverage-and-mismatched-policy-ends-and-means","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/in-print\/volume-51\/volume-51-number-4-summer-2020\/turkey-as-a-wto-litigant-a-case-of-waived-leverage-and-mismatched-policy-ends-and-means\/","title":{"rendered":"Turkey as a WTO Litigant: A Case of Waived Leverage and Mismatched Policy Ends and Means"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This Article analyzes Turkey\u2019s involvement in the World Trade Organization\u2019s (\u201cWTO\u201d) dispute settlement system to determine whether litigation has helped or could help Turkey attain its trade policy objectives. After identifying these objectives and conducting an empirical analysis of Turkey\u2019s participation in 113 disputes\u2014as Complainant, Respondent and interested Third Party\u2014we conclude that litigation has not played a significant role in advancing Turkey\u2019s trade objectives. Next, we ascertain the extent to which litigation\u2019s de minimis impact stems from: (i) limitations inherent to WTO litigation (e.g., prospective-only remedies, bilateral focus, etc.); and\/or from (ii) Turkey\u2019s diminished ability to sue its biggest trade partners and competitors, some of which remain non-WTO Members or are in the European Union, Turkey\u2019s senior customs union partner. The Article concludes with a call for Turkey to embark on a renewed push for further trade liberalization, which will require reforming the current EU-Turkey trade framework. (JEL: F13, F53, K41).<\/p>\n<p>Continue reading <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2020\/11\/TURKEY-AS-A-WTO-LITIGANT.-A-CASE-OF-WAIVED-LEVERAGE-AND-MISMATCHED-POLICY-ENDS-AND-MEANS.pdf\">Turkey as a WTO Litigant: A Case of Waived Leverage and Mismatched Policy Ends and Means<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This Article analyzes Turkey\u2019s involvement in the World Trade Organization\u2019s (\u201cWTO\u201d) dispute settlement system to determine whether litigation has helped or could help Turkey attain its trade policy objectives. After [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3020,"featured_media":0,"parent":1132,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"abstract.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"class_list":["post-709","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/709","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=709"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/709\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1139,"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/709\/revisions\/1139"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}