{"id":2762,"date":"2026-06-23T12:28:32","date_gmt":"2026-06-23T16:28:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/public-policy-journal\/?page_id=2762"},"modified":"2026-06-23T12:28:32","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T16:28:32","slug":"extending-jarkesy-the-constitutionality-of-the-aviation-administrative-enforcement-process","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/public-policy-journal\/in-print\/volume-23-issue-2-summer-2025\/extending-jarkesy-the-constitutionality-of-the-aviation-administrative-enforcement-process\/","title":{"rendered":"Extending Jarkesy: The Constitutionality of the Aviation Administrative Enforcement Process"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Last year the Supreme Court decided <em>SEC v. Jarkesy<\/em>. Of the three issues pre-sented, the Court ruled on just one of them: whether the Securities and Exchange Commission\u2019s (SEC) administrative adjudication of civil penalties without a jury violates the Seventh Amendment. In the decision below, the Fifth Circuit decided two other issues related to the nondelegation doctrine and Article II removal powers. It was not just the Court\u2019s avoidance of two major issues that left some commentators wanting more. The Court\u2019s focus on SEC enforcement process makes it difficult to determine how <em>Jarkesy<\/em> will be applied in other contexts. This includes: (1) whether a civil penalty remedy alone makes an offense legal in nature; (2) the extent of exceptions for equity and admiralty jurisdictions; (3) whether the public rights exception is limited to only the cate-gories the Court listed; and (4) Atlas Roofing\u2019s continued viability.<\/p>\n<p>This article analyzes the aviation enforcement process under <em>Jarkesy<\/em> in an attempt to answer some of these outstanding questions. Through that lens, it becomes clear that Jarkesy extended the Seventh Amendment to cover all actions that are not in equity or admiralty. That means civil penalties with a deterrent or punitive motive are legal in nature regardless of the triggering vio-lation\u2019s common law pedigree. The six public rights exception categories are not easily expandable and may only be modified if the matter historically could have been determined by the executive or legislative branch. Finally, Atlas Roofing uses an outdated and now abandoned approach to the Seventh Amendment and has been limited to its facts.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/public-policy-journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2026\/06\/23.2-Heigis.pdf\">Continue reading Extending <em>Jarkesy<\/em>: The Constitutionality of the Aviation Administrative Enforcement Process<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Last year the Supreme Court decided SEC v. Jarkesy. Of the three issues pre-sented, the Court ruled on just one of them: whether the Securities and Exchange Commission\u2019s (SEC) administrative [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":2728,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"abstract.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"class_list":["post-2762","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"ticketed":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/public-policy-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/public-policy-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/public-policy-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/public-policy-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/public-policy-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2762"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/public-policy-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2763,"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/public-policy-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2762\/revisions\/2763"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/public-policy-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2728"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/public-policy-journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}