The ICIJ is a forum for strategic thinkers from diverse sectors, backgrounds, and regional contexts to develop innovative, forward-looking, and victim-centered solutions to complex and entrenched international justice challenges. Two systemic problems galvanized CNS to establish the ICIJ:

  • “Victim-centered justice” for atrocities has almost become a buzzword in policy circles but decisionmakers rarely ask victims what kind of justice they want. The majority of international attention and resources go to evidence collection and criminal prosecutions, leaving the vast majority of victims of atrocity crimes unaddressed. Other transitional and holistic justice measures—informed by meaningful victim consultation processes—are usually an afterthought. See Philip Alston’s commentary on the need for rebalancing here.
  • The broader international architecture for justice and accountability is constricting, the multilateral system of global governance is under attack, and the foreign policy and national security sectors are siloed and state-centric by design. This environment preemptively smothers the innovation and collaboration that would allow victim-centered, trauma-responsive approaches to take root.

The ICIJ was designed to grapple with these challenges head on by creating a new “justice table” for a radically diverse set of actors. The goal is to push decision-makers to think differently and to respond to the call for justice in a holistic, victim-centered, trauma-informed, and data-driven way.

Our first cornerstone project is to design a Victim Consultation Protocol based on dozens of interviews with atrocity survivors as well as other experts and practitioners. Our hypothesis is that victim/survivor consultation in the design and implementation of transitional justice processes is absolutely crucial but is also usually grossly inadequate in practice. We have taken as our point of departure specific case studies where transitional justice mechanisms have been adopted; this approach grounds our protocol in the lived experiences of victims and survivors who have labored to have their voices heard as policies are designed and implemented.

ICIJ Members

Anna Cave

Anna Cave is the Executive Director of Georgetown Law’s Center on National Security, where she is responsible for developing and implementing a new strategy for the Center’s growth over the next ten years. Previously, she was the founding director of the Ferencz International Justice Initiative, where she developed a first-of-its-kind justice hub for designing and launching innovative justice strategies and action plans for communities affected by mass atrocities; built a large international network of cross-sectoral and interdisciplinary experts to support the Initiative’s justice hubs; oversaw research and publications on policy issues relating to international justice; and helped develop new education and training programs.

Anna previously served in a number of senior roles at the White House and the Department of State where she helped develop and coordinate US policy on a range of issues, including national security, human rights, rule of law and international justice, conflict prevention and response, democratic governance, sanctions, military assistance, humanitarian assistance, and the role and mandates of large UN peacekeeping missions.

Her roles included serving as the Director for Central Africa at the National Security Council, Principal Deputy in the State Department’s Office of Global Criminal Justice, the Senior Advisor on atrocity prevention to the Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, and Senior Policy Advisor to the Secretary of State’s Ambassador-at Large for War Crimes Issues. Anna received a JD from Columbia Law School, where she was a Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar, and a BA from Duke University. Anna clerked for Judge Lawrence McKenna in the Southern District of New York and is a member of the NY State Bar. She previously practiced in the litigation department of the international law firm Davis Polk & Wardwell.

David Deng

David Deng is Managing Director of Detcro, a South Sudanese research and advisory firm. Over the past 15 years, Deng has led numerous research, advocacy, coalition-building, and technical support projects in South Sudan and the broader East Africa region.

Pablo de Greiff

Pablo de Greiff is currently serving as a commissioner on the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine. He was the first Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence (2012-2018). He holds a PhD in Political Theory. He has combined a distinguished academic career with a long trajectory as a practitioner, advising multilateral and national institutions and civil society organizations on justice issues in countries around the globe. From 2001 to 2014 he was Director of Research at the International Centre for Transitional Justice. Since 2014 has been Senior Fellow and Director of the Transitional Justice Program at the Centre for Human Rights and Global Justice at the School of Law, New York University.

Maxine Marcus

Maxine Marcus is an international criminal prosecutor and investigator with 23 years’ field-based and courtroom-based experience in international criminal law. Her field work includes Chad (for Darfur), Sierra Leone, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Hungary, Kosovo, Ingushetia/Chechnya, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia (Gambella), Guinea, Kenya, South Sudan, South Korea (for DPRK), the Philippines, and Guatemala. She served for nine years as a prosecuting attorney at the ICTY on four cases, including the Mladic Case. From 2003 to 2005, Ms. Marcus served as investigating attorney for the Civil Defence Forces prosecution team in the Special Court for Sierra Leone. In November and December 2009, Ms. Marcus served on the UN Commission of Inquiry for Guinea as the Gender and International Criminal Law Adviser, and from April to June 2014 she served as Senior International Criminal Law and Gender Adviser to the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office on their Prevention of Sexual Violence Initiative, and as Senior International Criminal Law Advisor to the UK Protocol on Documentation of Sexual Violence in Conflict. From December 2014 to March 2015, Ms. Marcus was senior SGBV advisor to the OHCHR Fact Finding Mission for Sri Lanka, and from July to December 2015, she served as Senior Legal Investigator to the UN Secretary General’s External Panel on Sexual Abuse by International Forces in the Central African Republic.

Sarah McIntosh

Sarah McIntosh is a Senior Associate with the Center on National Security. She formerly served as Policy and International Justice Manager at the Ferencz International Justice Initiative of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum’s Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide.

She is the author of “Pursuing Justice for Mass Atrocities: A Handbook for Victim Groups,” which has been translated into four languages. She has a bachelor of laws and international studies from the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, and a master of laws from Harvard Law School.

Phuong Pham

Phuong Pham, Ph.D., MPH, is an Assistant Professor at the Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Director of Evaluation and Implementation Science at the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (HHI). She has over 15 years of experience in designing and implementing epidemiologic and evaluation research, technology solutions, and educational programs in on-going and post-conflict countries such as northern Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Central African Republic, Iraq, Cambodia, Colombia and other areas affected by mass violence and humanitarian crisis. She co-founded Peacebuildingdata.org (a portal of peacebuilding, human rights, and justice indicators) and KoboToolbox (a suite of software for digital data collection and visualization). Dr. Pham joined HHI after holding the positions of Director of Research at the University of California – Berkeley’s Human Rights Center and Adjunct Associate Professor at Tulane University’s Payson Center for International Development.

Mitt Regan

Mitt Regan is McDevitt Professor of Jurisprudence, Director of the Center on Ethics and the Legal Profession, and Co-Director on the Center on National Security at Georgetown University Law Center. His work focuses on international law, national security, international human rights, legal and military ethics, and ethical issues relating to artificial intelligence. Professor Regan is also Senior Fellow at the Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership at the U.S. Naval Academy. He has been a participant in major interdisciplinary projects on national security that include Intelligence and National Security: Ethics, Efficacy, and Accountability; Global Terrorism and Collective Responsibility: Redesigning Police, Military, and Intelligence Agencies in Liberal Democracies; and Split-Second Morality: Protecting Civilians in Asymmetric Conflicts.

Professor Regan’s books on national security include Drone Strike: Analyzing the Impacts of Targeted Killing (Palgrave Macmillan 2022), Fighting War as Crime and Crime as War: Alternative Legal Frameworks for Asymmetric Conflict (Claire Finkelstein, Christopher Fuller, Jens David Ohlin & Mitt Regan eds., Oxford University Press 2022), and National Security Intelligence and Ethics (Seumas Miller, Mitt Regan & Patrick F. Walsh eds., Routledge 2022). His books on ethics include BigLaw: Money and Meaning in the Modern Law Firm (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2021)(with Lisa H. Rohrer); Eat What You Kill: The Fall of a Wall Street Lawyer; Confidence Games: Lawyers, Accountants, and the Tax Shelter Industry (with Tanina Rostain; and Professional Responsibility: Representing Business Organizations (with John K. Villa).

He also is the author of two books that analyze family law through the lens of the debate between liberal and communitarian political theory, Alone Together: Law and the Meanings of Marriage (Oxford University Press 1999) and Family Law and the Pursuit of Intimacy (NYU Press 1993). He is the co-editor with Anita Allen of Debating Democracy’s Discontent: Essays on American Politics, Law and Public Philosophy (Oxford University Press 1999).

Before joining Georgetown, Professor Regan was an associate at the law firm of Davis Polk and Wardwell, and served as law clerk to Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. on the U.S. Supreme Court and then-Judge Ruth Bader Ginsburg on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit.

Lorraine Smith van Lin

Lorraine Smith van Lin is the Director of SmithvanLin Consultancy and Founder of Tallawah Justice for Women, a non-profit organization connecting women who lead survivor and grassroots organizations in the Global South, amplifying their voices and supporting them with the tools to advocate for women everywhere. A passionate human rights advocate and fierce defender of the rights of women and victims, Lorraine’s focus is on victim rights, justice reform, witness protection and ending violence against women.

Debbie Stothard

Debbie Stothard is focused on the thematic priorities of business and human rights, atrocity prevention, and women’s leadership. She has worked in media, academic, government and human rights organizations in Malaysia, Australia and Thailand since 1981. Most of her work involved advocacy, training, and the development and implementation of various strategic initiatives.

During 1981 – 1996, Debbie worked as a crime reporter, student organizer, policy analyst, academic, government advisor and food caterer in Malaysia and Australia while volunteering for human rights causes.

In 1996, she founded ALTSEAN-Burma which spearheads a range of innovative and empowering human rights programs. This includes ALTSEAN’s ongoing intensive leadership program for diverse young women from Burma, which since 1997, has helped strengthen and expand women’s leadership in conflict-affected zones.

She is a grassroots-focused activist who works with communities to engage states, IGOs and other stakeholders throughout Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. She has developed accessible training programs focused on the thematic priorities of atrocity prevention and transitional justice, business and human rights (BHR), human rights-focused macro-economic policy, and women’s leadership. Accordingly, she either facilitates or serves as resource person at 15 – 20 training events every year, with many of these trainings designed and implemented with grassroots activists in small towns, villages, and conflict-affected zones. Her work in atrocity prevention and transitional justice has mainly focused Burma/Myanmar, however she has provided support on responses to other country situations around the world.

She served on the Board of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) for 9 years as Deputy Secretary-General (2010-2013) and Secretary-General (2013 – 2019) during which she promoted the mission and profile of FIDH at approximately 100 meetings and conferences per year. She is a member of the Innovation for Change Global Governance Circle and the ESCR-Net Corporate Accountability Working Group Steering Committee. At ESCR-Net she also serves on the Economic Policy Working Group, and Environment and ESC Working Group. She is an active member of the Asia Pacific Partnership for Atrocity Prevention, and a range of regional activist networks. She joined the Board of the global feminist organization AWID in early 2022.

Patrick Vinck

Patrick Vinck, Ph.D. is the Research Director of the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative. He is assistant professor at the Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and lead investigator at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital. His current research examines resilience, peacebuilding, and social cohesion in contexts of mass violence, conflicts and natural disasters. His research has led him to examine the ethics of data and technology in the field. He is the co-founder and director of KoBoToolbox a data collection service, and the Data-Pop Alliance, a Big Data partnership with MIT and ODI. Patrick Vinck is also an Adjunct Associate Professor at Tulane University’s Payson Center for International Development; and a regular advisor and evaluation consultant to the United Nations and other agencies. His work is informed by several years in the field and research on the multiple dimensions of food security. He has been published in journals covering a wide range of disciplines, including political science, social science, public health and medicine. He graduated as an engineer in applied biological sciences from Gembloux Agricultural University (Belgium), and holds a Ph.D. in International Development from Tulane University.

Alain Werner

Alain Werner is Director of Civitas Maxima. He is a lawyer registered with the Geneva Bar (CH) and holds an LL.M from Columbia University (New York). He has worked for the Office of the Prosecutor of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) in several trials including the trial in The Hague of the former President of Liberia, Charles Taylor. He also appeared at the trial of Kaing Guek Eav, or “Duch”, before the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) in Phnom Penh where he acted as a lawyer for the civil parties (victims of the crimes of the Khmer Rouge). Mr. Werner also represented the victims in the case against former President of Chad, Hissène Habré, in front of the Extraordinary African Chambers in Dakar, Senegal. Alain Werner also represents Liberian plaintiffs in the first criminal case for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Switzerland against Alieu Kosiah. In November 2020, Mr. Werner was selected as an Ashoka fellow, the world’s biggest network of social entrepreneurs and change leaders. This fellowship is an important recognition of the unique modus operandi of Civitas Maxima, and highlights the innovative method applied by Civitas Maxima and the GJRP.